The recent era. 2016–now

Two impeachments of one President, a national emergency for a pandemic, the breach of the Capitol during the electoral count, and decisions on abortion, guns, affirmative action, agency power and presidential immunity.

7 cases0 amendments5 rights and powersSee on the timeline

The questions. As the record frames them.

The constitutional questions this era’s decisions and laws turned on.

  • What are the limits of presidential power and immunity?
  • Which rights does the Constitution protect that it does not name?

The record. 12 entries, in order.

Every case, amendment and event in Constilumen dated 2016 to now.

2018

Trump v. Hawaii

Landmark cases · 585 U.S. 667 (2018) · 5–4

Yes. The proclamation was within the President’s statutory authority and survived constitutional review. The opinion also stated that Korematsu was wrongly decided.

Source: Opinion of the Court

2019

House impeaches President Trump

Rights and powers · December 18, 2019 · Oversight and accountability

The House approves two articles, abuse of power and obstruction of Congress, relating to dealings with Ukraine. The Senate acquits on both.

Source: U.S. Senate

2020

COVID-19 national emergency declared

Rights and powers · March 13, 2020 · Emergency and war powers

A presidential proclamation declares a national emergency under the National Emergencies Act. Congress ends it by joint resolution in April 2023.

Source: Federal Register

2021

House impeaches President Trump a second time

Rights and powers · January 13, 2021 · Oversight and accountability

One week after the Capitol was breached during Congress’s count of electoral votes, the House approves one article, incitement of insurrection. The Senate votes 57–43 to convict, short of the two-thirds required.

Source: U.S. Senate

2022

Electoral Count Reform Act

Rights and powers · December 29, 2022 · Oversight and accountability

Amends the Electoral Count Act of 1887 to state that the Vice President’s role in the count is ministerial and to raise the threshold for objections to a state’s electors.

Source: Congress.gov

2024

Trump v. Anderson

Landmark cases · 601 U.S. 100 (2024) · 9–0

No. States may not enforce Section 3 against federal officeholders and candidates; that responsibility rests with Congress.

Source: Opinion of the Court

2024

Trump v. United States

Landmark cases · 603 U.S. 593 (2024) · 6–3

A former President has absolute immunity for acts within his conclusive constitutional authority, presumptive immunity for other official acts, and no immunity for unofficial acts.

Source: Opinion of the Court

2025

Alien Enemies Act invoked

Rights and powers · March 15, 2025 · Emergency and war powers

The President invokes the Alien Enemies Act of 1798, for the first time since World War II, against members of a Venezuelan gang designated a foreign terrorist organization. Its use is challenged in federal courts.

Source: Federal Register

The language. What stood out in print.

Tracked terms printed most often in 2016–2022 compared with their own average across 1789–2022. A value of 2× means the word appeared twice as often as usual.

Compare any terms on the Language page

  1. populism10.4×
  2. authoritarianism6.9×
  3. nationalism4.7×
  4. totalitarianism4.0×
  5. free speech3.2×
  6. fascism3.2×

Executive orders. Presidencies of the era.

Totals for each full presidency, including years outside the era. Counts before 1945 include unnumbered orders.

PresidentTook officeOrdersPer year
Barack Obama200927635
Donald J. Trump (I)201722055
Joseph R. Biden, Jr.202116241
Donald J. Trump (II)2025292166

Source: The American Presidency Project. All presidencies

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